Italian Language by Massimo Stella

Version 3/171001 of Italian Language by Massimo Stella begins here.

"To make Italian the language of play. Heavily based on code written by Massimo Stella. Now maintained by Leonardo Boselli. Requires 'Text Capture' by Eric Eve."

Include Text Capture by Eric Eve.

Include Punctuation Removal by Emily Short.
After reading a command:
   remove apostrophes;

Volume 1 - Settings

[A language extension is required to set the following variable correctly:]

The language of play is the Italian language.

[The following only needs to be done for inflected languages which distinguish
the genders -- which is why English doesn't do it.]

An object has a grammatical gender.

[Inform initialises this property sensibly. We can easily check the results:

When play begins:
repeat with T running through things:
say "[T] has [grammatical gender of T]."

By default, if Inform can't see any reason to choose a particular gender,
it will use neuter. We want to change that:]

The grammatical gender of an object is usually masculine gender.
The grammatical gender of a woman is usually feminine gender.
The grammatical gender of a man is usually masculine gender.

[Now we define any unusual tenses we want to support. Inform allows up to 7
tenses, and it requires tenses 1 to 5 to be present, past, perfect, past
perfect, and future; English stops there, but two slots are left free for
other languages to create. ]

The past historic tense is a grammatical tense.

[It's customary to define a constant so that I6 code can conditionally compile
if we're using this extension, though nothing in the I7 compiler needs it.]

Include (-
Constant LIBRARY_ITALIAN; ! for dependency checking.
-)

Volume 2 - Language

Part 2.1 - Determiners

Chapter 2.1.1 - Articles

To say il/lo/la/i/gli/le/l' (O - object): say "[the O]".

To say Il/Lo/La/I/Gli/Le/L' (O - object): say "[The O]".

To say un/un'/uno/una/dei/degli/delle/alcuni/alcune (O - object): say "[a O]".

To say Un/Un'/Uno/Una/Dei/Degli/Delle/Alcuni/Alcune (O - object): say "[A O]".

Include (-
language Italian

<indefinite-article> ::=
   /b/ un/uno | [singular, masculine]
   /c/ una/un' | [singular, feminine]
   /e/ degli/dei/alcuni | [plural, masculine (by default)]
   /f/ delle/alcune [plural, feminine]

<definite-article> ::=
   /b/ il/lo/l' | [singular, masculine]
   /c/ la/l' | [singular, feminine]
   /e/ gli/i | [plural, masculine (by default)]
   /f/ le [plural, feminine]

<np-relative-phrase-implicit> ::=
   /a/ indossato | [replacing "worn" in English]
   /b/ portato | ["carried"]
   /d/ qui ["here"]

<implicit-player-relationship> ::=
   /a/ indossato |
   /b/ portato

-) in the Preform grammar.

[ Qui sotto iniziano le modifiche all'estensione di personale iniziativa dell'autore. ]

Include (-
Constant LanguageAnimateGender = male;
Constant LanguageInanimateGender = male;
Constant LanguageContractionForms = 3; ! Italian has three:

[ LanguageContraction text;
   if (text->0 == 'a' or 'e' or 'i' or 'o' or 'u' or 'A' or 'E' or 'I' or 'O' or 'U') return 0;
   if (text->0 == 'z' or 'Z' or 'x' or 'X') return 1;
   if (text->0 == 's' or 'S') {
   if (text->1 == 'a' or 'e' or 'i' or 'o' or 'u' or 'A' or 'E' or 'I' or 'O' or 'U') return 2;
   return 1;
   }
   if (text->0 == 'p' or 'P') {
     if (text->1 == 's' or 'S') return 1;
     else return 2;
   }
   if (text->0 == 'g' or 'G') {
   if (text->1 == 'n' or 'N') return 1;
     else return 2;
   }
   return 2;
];

Array LanguageArticles -->
! Contraction form 0: Contraction form 1: Contraction form 2:
! Cdef Def Indef Cdef Def Indef Cdef Def Indef
    "L'" "l'" "un " "Lo " "lo " "uno " "Il " "il " "un "
    "L'" "l'" "un'" "La " "la " "una " "La " "la " "una "
    "Gli " "gli " "degli " "Gli " "gli " "degli " "I " "i " "dei "
    "Le " "le " "delle " "Le " "le " "delle " "Le " "le " "delle ";
            ! a i
            ! s p s p
            ! m f n m f n m f n m f n

Array LanguageGNAsToArticles --> 0 1 0 2 3 2 0 1 0 2 3 2;
-) instead of "Articles" in "Language.i6t".

[??? Array LanguageGNAsToArticles --> 0 1 0 2 3 0 0 1 0 2 3 0;]

Chapter 2.1.2 - Numbers

[ BUG: Nella Preform Grammar l'aggiunta del numero "sei" genera un grave conflitto con la seconda persona
singolare al presente del verbo "essere". Per tale motivo "sei" è escluso dalla lista. ]

Include (-
language Italian

<cardinal-number-in-words> ::=
   zero |
   un/uno |
   due |
   tre |
   quattro |
   cinque |
   sette |
   otto |
   nove |
   dieci |
   undici |
   dodici |
   tredici |
   quattordici |
   quindici |
   sedici |
   diciassette |
   diciotto |
   diciannove |
   venti

<ordinal-number-in-words> ::=
   zero |
   primo |
   secondo |
   terzo |
   quarto |
   quinto |
   sesto |
   settimo |
   ottavo |
   nono |
   decimo |
   undicesimo |
   dodicesimo

-) in the Preform grammar.

Include (-
Array LanguageNumbers table
   'uno' 1 'un' 1 'due' 2 'tre' 3 'quattro' 4 'cinque' 5
   'sei' 6 'sette' 7 'otto' 8 'nove' 9 'dieci' 10
   'undici' 11 'dodici' 12 'tredici' 13 'quattordici' 14 'quindici' 15
   'sedici' 16 'diciassette' 17 'diciotto' 18 'diciannove' 19 'venti' 20
   'ventuno' 21 'ventidue' 22 'ventitré' 23 'ventiquattro' 24
   'venticinque' 25 'ventisei' 26 'ventisette' 27 'ventotto' 28
   'ventinove' 29 'trenta' 30
;

[ LanguageNumber n f;
   if (n==0) { print "zero"; rfalse; }
   if (n<0) { print "meno "; n=-n; }
   #Iftrue (WORDSIZE == 4);
   if (n >= 1000000000) {
     if (f == 1) print ", ";
     if (n<2000000000) print "un miliardo";
     if (n>=2000000000) print (LanguageNumber) n/1000000000, " miliardi";
     n = n%1000000000; f = 1;
   }
   if (n >= 1000000) {
     if (f == 1) print ", ";
     if (n<2000000) print "un milione";
     if (n>=2000000) print (LanguageNumber) n/1000000, " milioni";
     n = n%1000000; f = 1;
   }
   #Endif;
   if (n >= 1000) {
     if (f == 1) print ", ";
     if (n<2000) print "mille";
     if (n>=2000) print (LanguageNumber) n/1000, "mila";
     n = n%1000; f = 0;
   }
   if (n>=100) {
     if (f==1) print ", ";
     if (n<200) print "cento";
     if (n>=200) print (LanguageNumber) n/100, "cento";
     n=n%100; f=1;
   }

   if (n==0) rfalse;
   switch(n)
   {
     1: print "uno";
     2: print "due";
     3: print "tre";
     4: print "quattro";
     5: print "cinque";
     6: print "sei";
     7: print "sette";
     8: print "otto";
     9: print "nove";
     10: print "dieci";
     11: print "undici";
     12: print "dodici";
     13: print "tredici";
     14: print "quattordici";
     15: print "quindici";
     16: print "sedici";
     17: print "diciassette";
     18: print "diciotto";
     19: print "diciannove";
     20 to 99:
       switch(n/10)
       {
         2: print "vent";
           if (n%10 == 0) {print "i"; return; }
           if (n%10 == 1) {print "uno"; return; }
           if (n%10 == 3) {print "itré"; return; }
           if (n%10 > 1) {print "i"; LanguageNumber(n%10); return; }
         3: print "trent";
           if (n%10 == 1) {print "uno"; return; }
           if (n%10 == 3) {print "atré"; return; }
         4: print "quarant";
           if (n%10 == 1) {print "uno"; return; }
           if (n%10 == 3) {print "atré"; return; }
         5: print "cinquant";
           if (n%10 == 1) {print "uno"; return; }
           if (n%10 == 3) {print "atré"; return; }
         6: print "sessant";
           if (n%10 == 1) {print "uno"; return; }
           if (n%10 == 3) {print "atré"; return; }
         7: print "settant";
           if (n%10 == 1) {print "uno"; return; }
           if (n%10 == 3) {print "atré"; return; }
         8: print "ottant";
           if (n%10 == 1) {print "uno"; return; }
           if (n%10 == 3) {print "atré"; return; }
         9: print "novant";
           if (n%10 == 1) {print "uno"; return; }
           if (n%10 == 3) {print "atré"; return; }
       }
       if (n%10 ~= 0)
       {
         print "a"; LanguageNumber(n%10);
       }
   }
];
-) instead of "Numbers" in "Language.i6t".

Part 2.2 - Nouns

Chapter 2.2.2 - Pronouns and possessives for the player

[The adaptive text viewpoint is the viewpoint of the player when we are
writing response texts which need to work in any tense, person or number.
For example, English uses first person plural, so we write "[We] [look] up."
as a message which could come out as "I look up", "you look up", "he looks up",
and so on. It's "[We]" not "[You]" because the adaptive text viewpoint is
first person plural, not second person singular.

The reason for choosing this in English was that all the pronouns and
possessive adjectives we needed happened to be different for first person
plural: we, us, ours, ourselves, our. We also need these pronouns to be
other than third-person, so that we can define [they], [them] and so on
to refer to objects and not the player. So in practice there are only four
possible choices a language extension can make:

first person singular (in English: I, me, mine, myself, my)
second person plural (in English: you, you, yours, yourself, your)
first person singular (in English: we, us, ours, ourselves, our)
second person plural (in English: you, you, yours, yourself, your)
]

The adaptive text viewpoint of the Italian language is second person singular.

[So now we define the following text substitutions:

[tu], [ti], [te], [tuo],[tua],[lo]

and their capitalised forms, which start with "T" not "t".]

To say tu:
   now the prior named object is the player;
   if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
     say "io";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
     say "tu";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
     if the player is male:
       say "egli";
     otherwise:
       say "ella";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
     say "noi";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
     say "voi";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
     if the player is male:
       say "essi";
     otherwise:
       say "esse".

To say ti:
   if the prior named object is not the player:
     say "si";
   otherwise:
     if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
       say "mi";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
       say "ti";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
       say "si";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
       say "ci";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
       say "vi";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
       say "si".

[Un'altra forma utile è il suffisso con valore di complemento oggetto -lo]
To say lo:
   if the prior named object is male:
     if the prior named object is singular-named:
       say "lo";
     otherwise:
       say "li";
   otherwise if the prior named object is female:
     if the prior named object is singular-named:
       say "la";
     otherwise:
       say "le".

To say te:
   if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
     say "me";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
     say "te";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
     if the player is male:
       say "lui";
     otherwise:
       say "lei";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
     say "noi";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
     say "voi";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
     say "loro".

To say tuo:
   if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "miei";
       otherwise:
         say "mie";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "mio";
       otherwise:
         say "mia";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "tuoi";
       otherwise:
         say "tue";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "tuo";
       otherwise:
         say "tua";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "suoi";
       otherwise:
         say "sue";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "suo";
       otherwise:
         say "sua";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "nostri";
       otherwise:
         say "nostre";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "nostro";
       otherwise:
         say "nostra";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "vostri";
       otherwise:
         say "vostre";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "vostro";
       otherwise:
         say "vostra";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
     say "loro".

[In Italiano tuo/suo... seguono per la concordanza elementi che nel corso
del periodo li seguono, pertanto la costruzione originale con il prior named
object risulta farraginosa. In generale nei responsi la forma più usata è al femminile
singolare, da cui la defizione di tua.]

To say tua:
   if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
     say "mia";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
     say "tua";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
     say "sua";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
     say "nostra";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
     say "vostra";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
     say "loro".

To say Tua:
   if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
     say "Mia";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
     say "Tua";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
     say "Sua";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
     say "Nostra";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
     say "Vostra";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
     say "Loro".

[And now the capitalised forms, which are identical otherwise.]

To say Tu:
   now the prior named object is the player;
   if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
     say "Io";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
     say "Tu";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
     if the player is male:
       say "Egli";
     otherwise:
       say "Ella";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
     say "Noi";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
     say "Voi";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
     if the player is male:
       say "Essi";
     otherwise:
       say "Esse".

To say Ti:
   if the prior named object is not the player:
     say "Si";
   otherwise:
     if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
       say "Mi";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
       say "Ti";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
       say "Si";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
       say "Ci";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
       say "Vi";
     otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
       say "Si".

To say Te:
   if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
     say "Me";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
     say "Te";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
     if the player is male:
       say "Lui";
     otherwise:
       say "Lei";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
     say "Noi";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
     say "Voi";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
     say "Loro".

[]

To say Tuo:
   if the story viewpoint is first person singular:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Miei";
       otherwise:
         say "Mie";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Mio";
       otherwise:
         say "Mia";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person singular:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Tuoi";
       otherwise:
         say "Tue";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Tuo";
       otherwise:
         say "Tua";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person singular:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Suoi";
       otherwise:
         say "Sue";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Suo";
       otherwise:
         say "Sua";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is first person plural:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Nostri";
       otherwise:
         say "Nostre";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Nostro";
       otherwise:
         say "Nostra";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is second person plural:
     if the prior named object is plural-named:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Vostri";
       otherwise:
         say "Vostre";
     otherwise:
       if the prior named object is male:
         say "Vostro";
       otherwise:
         say "Vostra";
   otherwise if the story viewpoint is third person plural:
     say "Loro".

Chapter 2.2.3 - Pronouns and possessives for other objects

[These are similar, but easier. They are named from the third-person viewpoint
with the same number as the adaptive text viewpoint. We define:

[che] = that
[essi] = it as subject
[le] = it as object
[suo] = its as adjective, e.g., "its temperature"
[il suo] = its as possessive pronoun, e.g., "that label is its"

and similarly for its capitalised forms.]

To say che:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is the player:
     say "[te]";
   otherwise:
     say "che".

To say essi:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is the player:
     say "[tu]";
   otherwise:
     if the item is plural-named:
       if the item is male:
         say "essi";
       otherwise:
         say "esse";
     otherwise:
       if the item is male:
         say "egli";
       otherwise:
         say "ella".

To say le:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is the player:
     say "[te]";
   otherwise:
     if the item is plural-named:
       if the item is male:
         say "gli";
       otherwise:
         say "le";
     otherwise:
       if the item is male:
         say "lui";
       otherwise:
         say "lei".

To say suo:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is the player:
     say "[tuo]";
   otherwise:
     if the item is plural-named:
       say "loro";
     otherwise:
       if the item is male:
         say "suo";
       otherwise:
         say "sua".

To say sua-loro:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is plural-named:
     say "loro";
   otherwise:
     say "sua".

To say il suo:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is plural-named:
     if the item is male:
       say "i loro";
     otherwise:
       say "le loro";
   otherwise:
     if the item is male:
       say "il suo";
     otherwise:
       say "la sua".

[ Here are the capitalized forms. ]

To say Che:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is the player:
     say "[Te]";
   otherwise:
     say "Che".

To say Essi:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is the player:
     say "[Tu]";
   otherwise:
     if the item is plural-named:
       if the item is male:
         say "Essi";
       otherwise:
         say "Esse";
     otherwise:
       if the item is male:
         say "Egli";
       otherwise:
         say "Ella".

To say Le:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is the player:
     say "[Te]";
   otherwise:
     if the item is plural-named:
       if the item is male:
         say "Gli";
       otherwise:
         say "Le";
     otherwise:
       if the item is male:
         say "Lui";
       otherwise:
         say "Lei".

To say Suo:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is the player:
     say "[Tuo]";
   otherwise:
     if the item is plural-named:
       say "Loro";
     otherwise:
       if the item is male:
         say "Suo";
       otherwise:
         say "Sua".

To say Sua-loro:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is plural-named:
     say "Loro";
   otherwise:
     say "Sua".

To say Il Suo:
   let the item be the prior named object;
   if the item is plural-named:
     if the item is male:
       say "I loro";
     otherwise:
       say "Le loro";
   otherwise:
     if the item is male:
       say "Il suo";
     otherwise:
       say "La sua".

Chapter 2.2.4 - Directions

[&&&

North translates into Italian as nord.
South translates into Italian as sud.
East translates into Italian as est.
West translates into Italian as ovest.
Northeast translates into Italian as nordest.
Southwest translates into Italian as sudovest.
Southeast translates into Italian as sudest.
Northwest translates into Italian as nordovest.
Inside translates into Italian as dentro.
Outside translates into Italian as fuori.
Up translates into Italian as su.
Down translates into Italian as giù.

&&&]

Up is proper-named.
Down is proper-named.
Inside is proper-named.
Outside is proper-named.

[&&&

Chapter 2.2.5 - Kinds

Section 2.2.5.1 - In the Standard Rules

[One day we will also want to translate the names of more abstract kinds, but
for now, we'll just translate kinds of objects. This ensures that if we write:

Quatre hommes sont dans la Théâtre.

then (a) Inform will recognise these as instances of the kind "man", and (b)
it will give them each the printed name "homme" (not "man").
]

room translates into Italian as stanza.
thing translates into Italian as cosa.
door translates into Italian as porta.
container translates into Italian as contenitore.
vehicle translates into Italian as veicolo.
player's holdall translates into Italian as inventario. the plural of inventario is inventari.
supporter translates into Italian as supporto.
backdrop translates into Italian as fondale.
person translates into Italian as persona.
man translates into Italian as uomo. the plural of uomo is uomini.
woman translates into Italian as donna.
animal translates into Italian as animale.
device translates into Italian as dispositivo.
direction translates into Italian as direzione.
region translates into Italian as regione.

contenitore aperto is a kind of container. It is usually open.
contenitore chiuso is a kind of container. It is usually closed.
contenitore aperto chiudibile is a kind of container. It is usually open and openable.
contenitore chiuso apribile is a kind of container. It is usually closed and openable.
contenitore bloccato apribile is a kind of container. It is usually locked and openable.
contenitore aperto bloccabile is a kind of container. It is usually open and lockable.
contenitore accessibile is a kind of container. It is usually enterable.
contenitore aperto accessibile is a kind of container. It is usually open and enterable.
contenitore aperto chiudibile accessibile is a kind of container. It is usually open, openable and enterable.
contenitore chiuso apribile accessibile is a kind of container. It is usually closed, openable and enterable.
contenitore bloccato apribile accessibile is a kind of container. It is usually locked, openable and enterable.
contenitore aperto bloccabile accessibile is a kind of container. It is usually open, lockable and enterable.
indossabile is a kind of thing. It is usually wearable.
cosa indossabile is a kind of thing. It is usually wearable.
contenitore indossabile is a kind of container. It is usually wearable.
contenitore aperto indossabile is a kind of container. It is usually open and wearable.
contenitore chiuso indossabile is a kind of container. It is usually closed and wearable.
contenitore aperto chiudibile indossabile is a kind of container. It is usually open, openable and wearable.
contenitore chiuso apribile indossabile is a kind of container. It is usually closed, openable and wearable.
contenitore bloccato apribile indossabile is a kind of container. It is usually locked, openable and wearable.
contenitore aperto bloccabile indossabile is a kind of container. It is usually open, lockable and wearable.
supporto accessibile is a kind of supporter. It is usually enterable.
supporto indossabile is a kind of supporter. It is usually wearable.
commestibile is a kind of thing. It is usually edible.
cosa commestibile is a kind of thing. It is usually edible.
cosa illuminata is a kind of thing. It is usually lit.
dispositivo acceso is a kind of device. It is usually switched on.
dispositivo spento is a kind of device. It is usually switched off.
scenario is a kind of thing. It is usually scenery.

number translates into Italian as numero.
real number translates into Italian as numero reale. the plural of numero reale is numeri reali.
time translates into Italian as ora.
truth state translates into Italian as valore logico. the plural of valore logico is valori logici.
text translates into Italian as testo.
unicode character translates into Italian as carattere unicode. the plural of carattere unicode is caratteri unicode.
snippet translates into Italian as frammento.
stored action translates into Italian as azione memorizzata. the plural of azione memorizzata is azioni memorizzate.
scene translates into Italian as scena.
command parser error translates into Italian as errore del parser dei comandi. the plural of errore del parser dei comandi is errori del parser dei comandi.
use option translates into Italian as opzione.
response translates into Italian as risposta.
verb translates into Italian as verbo.
table name translates into Italian as nome di tabella. the plural of nome di tabella is nomi di tabella.
equation name translates into Italian as nome di equazione. the plural of nome di equazione is nomi di equazione.
rulebook outcome translates into Italian as risultato di una regola. the plural of risultato di una regola is risultati di una regola.
action name translates into Italian as nome di azione. the plural of nome di azione is nomi di azione.
figure name translates into Italian as nome di figura. the plural of nome di figura is nomi di figura.
sound name translates into Italian as nome di suono. the plural of nome di suono is nomi di suono.
external file translates into Italian as nome di file. the plural of nome di file is nomi di file.

Section 2.2.5.2 - In Rideable Vehicles (for use with Rideable Vehicles by Graham Nelson)

[
A rideable animal translates into Italian as un animale montabile.
A rideable vehicle translates into Italian as un veicolo montabile.
]

Section 2.2.5.3 - In Locksmith (for use with Locksmith by Emily Short)

A passkey translates into Italian as una chiave universale.
A keychain translates into Italian as un portachiavi.

&&&]

Chapter 2.2.6 - Plurals

[Le cose in italiano sono decisamente più convolute. Questa parte è da rivedere.]

Include (-
language Italian

<singular-noun-to-its-plural> ::=
   <it-plural-exceptions> |
   ... <it-plural-by-ending>

[I nomi in -gia -cia conservano la i al plurale se tali suffissi sono seguiti da vocale.]

<it-plural-exceptions> ::=
   valigia valigie |
   ciliegia ciliegie

<it-plural-by-ending> ::=
   *a 1e | [tassa -> tasse]
   *o 1i | [tasso -> tassi]
   *e 1i | [regione -> regioni]
   *io 1 [inventario -> inventari]

-) in the Preform grammar.

Chapter 2.2.7 - Cases

[This will be significant for languages like German, but for French there's
nothing to do.]

Chapter 2.2.8 - Times of day

Include (-
[ PrintTimeOfDay t h aop;
   if (t<0) { print "<nessuna ora>"; return; }
   if (t >= TWELVE_HOURS) { aop = "pm"; t = t - TWELVE_HOURS; } else aop = "am";
   h = t/ONE_HOUR; if (h==0) h=12;
   print h, ":";
   if (t%ONE_HOUR < 10) print "0"; print t%ONE_HOUR, " ", (string) aop;
];
-) instead of "Digital Printing" in "Time.i6t".

Include (-
[ PrintTimeOfDayEnglish t h m dir aop say_minutes quad;
   ! adapted the spanish version by Sebastian Arg
   quad = 1; ! =1 es la primera media hora, =2 es la segunda
   h = (t/60) % 12; m = t%60; if (h==0) h=12;
   if (m==0) { if(h==1) {print "un'" ;print "ora"; return ;} else print (number) h;print " ore"; return; } !infsp hack
   dir = "ore";! infsp hack
   if (m > 30) { m = 60-m; h = (h+1)%12; if (h==0) h=12; dir = "ore meno"; quad=2; } !infsp hack
   switch(m) {
     1: say_minutes = "un";
     2: say_minutes = "due";
     3: say_minutes = "tre";
     4: say_minutes = "quattro";
     5: say_minutes = "cinque";
     6: say_minutes = "sei";
     7: say_minutes = "sette";
     8: say_minutes = "otto";
     9: say_minutes = "nove";
     10: say_minutes = "dieci";
     11: say_minutes = "undici";
     12: say_minutes = "dodici";
     13: say_minutes = "tredici";
     14: say_minutes = "quattordici";
     15: if (quad==2) say_minutes = "un quarto"; else say_minutes = "e un quarto";
     16: say_minutes = "sedici";
     17: say_minutes = "diciassette";
     18: say_minutes = "diciotto";
     19: say_minutes = "diciannove";
     20: say_minutes = "venti";
     21: say_minutes = "ventuno";
     22: say_minutes = "ventidue";
     23: say_minutes = "ventitré";
     24: say_minutes = "ventiquattro";
     25: say_minutes = "venticinque";
     26: say_minutes = "ventisei";
     27: say_minutes = "ventisette";
     28: say_minutes = "ventotto";
     29: say_minutes = "ventinove";
     30: say_minutes = "e mezzo";
     default:
       if (quad == 2){
         print (number) m;
         if (m%5 ~= 0) {
           if (m == 1) print " minuto"; else print " minuti"; ! infsp hack
         }
       }
       if (quad == 1){
         if (h==1) { print (number) h," ore "; print (number) m; } else print (number) h," ore "; print (number) m;
         if (m%5 ~= 0) {
           if (m == 1) print ""; else print ""; ! infsp hack
         }
       }
       return;
   }
   if (h==1) print "un"; else print (number) h; print " ", (string) dir, " ", (string) say_minutes;!infsp hack
];
-) instead of "Analogue Printing" in "Time.i6t".

Include (-
[ LanguageTimeOfDay hours mins;
   print hours/10, hours%10, "h", mins/10, mins%10;
];
-) instead of "Time" in "Language.i6t".

Part 2.3 - Adjectives

[Adjectives have six forms: neuter singular, neuter plural, masculine singular,
masculine plural, feminine singular, feminine plural. They're constructed
using tries:

n.s. (base text unchanged)
n.p. base modified by <adjective-to-plural>
m.s. base modified by <adjective-to-masculine-singular>
m.p. base modified by <adjective-to-masculine-singular>
then further by <adjective-to-masculine-plural>
f.s. base modified by <adjective-to-feminine-singular>
f.p. base modified by <adjective-to-feminine-singular>
then further by <adjective-to-feminine-plural>

For Italian, of course, there's no neuter, so the following are easy:]

Include (-
language Italian

<adjective-to-masculine-singular> ::=
   * 0

<adjective-to-masculine-plural> ::=
   <it-adjective-to-masculine-plural-exceptions> |
   ... <it-adjective-to-masculine-plural-by-ending> |
   ... <adjective-to-plural>

<adjective-to-plural> ::=
   * 1i

<it-adjective-to-masculine-plural-exceptions> ::=
   rosa rosa |
   viola viola |
   indaco indaco |
   blu blu |
   snob snob |
   antinebbia antinebbia |
   perbene perbene |
   dabbene dabbene |
   magico magici |
   politico politici |
   restio restii |
   pio pii |
   savio savi |
   serio seri

<it-adjective-to-masculine-plural-by-ending> ::=
   *logo 2gi | [teologo -> teologi]
   *fago 2gi |
   *go 2ghi | [largo -> larghi]
   *co 2chi [bianco -> bianchi]

<adjective-to-feminine-singular> ::=
   <it-adjective-to-feminine-singular-exceptions> |
   ... <it-adjective-to-feminine-singular-by-ending> |
   ... <it-adjective-to-feminine-default>

<it-adjective-to-feminine-singular-exceptions> ::=
   rosa rosa |
   viola viola |
   indaco indaco |
   blu blu |
   snob snob |
   antinebbia antinebbia |
   perbene perbene |
   dabbene dabbene |

<it-adjective-to-feminine-singular-by-ending> ::=
   *tore 4trice |
   *e 1e

<it-adjective-to-feminine-default> ::=
   * 1a

<adjective-to-feminine-plural> ::=
   <it-adjective-unagreeing> |
   ... <it-adjective-to-feminine-plural-by-ending> |
   ... <it-adjective-to-plural-fem>

<it-adjective-unagreeing> ::=
   rosa rosa |
   viola viola |
   indaco indaco |
   blu blu |
   snob snob |
   antinebbia antinebbia |
   perbene perbene |
   dabbene dabbene |

<it-adjective-to-feminine-plural-by-ending> ::=
   *co 2che |
   *go 2ghe |
   *io 2ie |
   *acio 3cie |
   *ecio 3cie |
   *icio 3cie |
   *ocio 3cie |
   *ucio 3cie |
   *cio 3ce |
   *agio 3gie |
   *egio 3gie |
   *igio 3gie |
   *ogio 3gie |
   *ugio 3gie |
   *gio 3ge

<it-adjective-to-plural-fem> ::=
   *e 1i |
   * 1e

-) in the Preform grammar.

Part 2.4 - Verbs

Chapter 2.4.1 - Verb conjugations

[Now we need to give instructions on how to conjugate verbs. See also the
published guide to Inform syntax, which goes through the English case; but
the French case below shows off features not needed for English, so it's a
better example to follow for other languages.]

[&&&

Include (-
language Italian

[Avere o Essere?

>--> A small set of verbs conjugates with avere when used transitively, but
with essere when used intransitively:
Inform doesn't know when it prints a verb whether it's being used transitively
or not, so it has to make a decision: and we're going to conjugate all of these
cases with "avere". So our present perfect and past perfect forms of these
verbs will be wrong when they're used intransitively. (But of course if they
are being used in Inform source text then they must be transitive anyway; so
this will only affect printed output in games told in the perfect tenses, which
I can't imagine many people will want to do.)]

[>--> E' molto importante che i verbi irregolari vengano prima dei regolari nel
seguente elenco, in modo tale da poter modificare efficacemente solamente
i modi e i tempi irregolari.]

<verb-conjugation-instructions> ::=
[Auxiliary verbs]
essere <it-essere-conjugation> |
avere <it-avere-conjugation> |
[Irregular verbs]
andare <it-andare-conjugation> |
arrivare <it-arrivare-conjugation> |
stare <it-stare-conjugation> |
cadere <it-cadere-conjugation> |
aprire <it-aprire-conjugation> |
guardare <it-guardare-conjugation> |
mangiare <it-mangiare-conjugation> |
dovere <it-dovere-conjugation> |
potere <it-potere-conjugation> |
possedere <it-possedere-conjugation> |
tenere <it-tenere-conjugation> |
sostenere <it-sostenere-conjugation> |
contenere <it-contenere-conjugation> |
togliere <it-togliere-conjugation> |
lasciare <it-lasciare-conjugation> |
fare <it-fare-conjugation> |
sedere <it-sedere-conjugation> |
uscire <it-uscire-conjugation> |
toccare <it-toccare-conjugation> |
ottenere <it-ottenere-conjugation> |
nascondere <it-nascondere-conjugation> |
reggere <it-reggere-conjugation> |
racchiudere <it-racchiudere-conjugation> |
assaggiare <it-assaggiare-conjugation> |
dare <it-dare-conjugation> |
dire <it-dire-conjugation> |
bloccare <it-bloccare-conjugation> |
sbloccare <it-sbloccare-conjugation> |
capire <it-incoativi-terza-conjugation> |
[Regular -ARE verbs]
-are <it-avere-prima-conjugation> | [e.g., "donare"]
[Regular -ERE verbs]
-ere <it-avere-seconda-conjugation> | [e.g., "leggere"]
[Regular -IRE verbs]
-ire <it-avere-terza-conjugation> [e.g., "dormire"]

[So here goes with avere, which is not very irregular, but we'll need it as
an auxiliary later.

Note the presence of the asterisks when the past participle is used; "3+*"
expands to the past participle with an asterisk on the end. The closing
asterisk tells Inform that the word marked has to follow adjectival agreement
rules with the subject of the verb - something which doesn't happen for
English, where the asterisks are never used. ]

<it-avere-conjugation> ::=
2 avendo |
3 avuto |
<it-avere-tabulation>

<it-avere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-avere-present> |
a1- non <it-avere-present> |
a2+ <it-avere-past> |
a2- non <it-avere-past> |
a3 <it-avere-perfect> |
a4 <it-avere-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-avere-future> |
a5- non <it-avere-future> |
a6+ <it-avere-past-historic> |
a6- non <it-avere-past-historic> |
p* 3+*

<it-avere-present> ::=
ho | hai | ha | abbiamo | avete | hanno

<it-avere-past> ::=
avevo | avevi | aveva | avevamo | avevate | avevano

<it-avere-perfect> ::=
ho 3 | hai 3 | ha 3 | abbiamo 3 | avete 3 | hanno 3

<it-avere-pluperfect> ::=
avevo 3 | avevi 3 | aveva 3 | avevamo 3 | avevate 3 | avevano 3

<it-avere-past-historic> ::=
ebbi | avesti | ebbe | avemmo | aveste | ebbero

<it-avere-future> ::=
avrò | avrai | avrà | avremo | avrete | avranno

<it-essere-conjugation> ::=
2 essendo |
3 stato |
4 stati |
<it-essere-tabulation>

<it-essere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-essere-present> |
a1- non <it-essere-present> |
a2+ <it-essere-past> |
a2- non <it-essere-past> |
a3 <it-essere-perfect> |
a4 <it-essere-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-essere-future> |
a5- non <it-essere-future> |
a6+ <it-essere-past-historic> |
a6- non <it-essere-past-historic> |
p* 3+*

<it-essere-present> ::=
sono | sei | è | siamo | siete | sono

<it-essere-past> ::=
ero | eri | era | eravamo | eravate | erano

<it-essere-perfect> ::=
sono 3 | sei 3 | è 3 | siamo 4 | siete 4 | sono 4

<it-essere-pluperfect> ::=
ero 3 | eri 3 | era 3 | eravamo 4 | eravate 4 | erano 4

<it-essere-past-historic> ::=
fui | fosti | fu | fummo | foste | furono

<it-essere-future> ::=
sarò | sarai | sarà | saremo | sarete | saranno

[
---> Italian : "ANDARE" verb. <----
]

<it-andare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
4 5+ati |
<it-andare-tabulation>

<it-andare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-andare-present> |
a2+ <it-prima-past> |
a3+ <it-essere-perfect> |
a4+ <it-essere-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-andare-future> |
a6+ <it-andare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-stare-plufuture> |
p* 3+*

<it-andare-present> ::=
vado | vai | va | 5+iamo | 5+ate | vanno

<it-andare-future> ::=
5+rò | 5+rai | 5+rà | 5+remo | 5+rete | 5+ranno

<it-andare-past-historic> ::=
5+ai | 5+asti | 5+ò | 5+ammo | 5+aste | 5+arono

[
---> Italian : "ARRIVARE" verb. <----
]

<it-arrivare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
4 5+ati |
<it-arrivare-tabulation>

<it-arrivare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-prima-present> |
a2+ <it-prima-past> |
a3+ <it-essere-perfect> |
a4+ <it-essere-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-arrivare-future> |
a6+ <it-andare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-stare-plufuture> |
p* 3+*

<it-arrivare-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erà | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno


[
---> Italian : "STARE" verb. <----
]

<it-stare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
4 5+ati |
<it-stare-tabulation>

<it-stare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-stare-present> |
a2+ <it-prima-past> |
a3+ <it-essere-perfect> |
a4+ <it-essere-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-stare-future> |
a6+ <it-stare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-stare-plufuture> |
p* 3+*

<it-stare-present> ::=
5+o | 5+ai | 5+a | 5+iamo | 5+ate | 5+anno

<it-stare-future> ::=
5+arò | 5+arai | 5+arà | 5+aremo | 5+arete | 5+aranno

<it-stare-past-historic> ::=
5+etti | 5+esti | 5+este | 5+emmo | 5+este | 5+ettero

<it-stare-plufuture> ::=
sarò 3 | sarai 3 | sarà 3 | saremo 4 | sarete 4 | saranno 4

[
--------> Italian : "GUARDARE" verb. <-------
]

<it-guardare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-guardare-tabulation>

<it-guardare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-prima-present> |
a2+ <it-prima-past> |
a3+ <it-avere-perfect> |
a4+ <it-avere-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-prima-future> |
a6+ <it-guardare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-guardare-past-historic> ::=
5+ai | 5+asti | 5+ò | 5+ammo | 5+aste | 5+arono

[
---> Italian : "MANGIARE" verb. <----
]

<it-mangiare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-mangiare-tabulation>

<it-mangiare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-mangiare-present> |
a2+ <it-prima-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-mangiare-future> |
a6+ <it-mangiare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-mangiare-present> ::=
5+o | 5 | 5+a | 5+amo | 5+ate | 5+ano

<it-mangiare-future> ::=
mangerò | mangerai | mangerà | mangeremo | mangerete | mangeranno

<it-mangiare-past-historic> ::=
5+ai | 5+asti | 5+ò | 5+ammo | 5+aste | 5+arono

[
---> Italian : "DOVERE" verb. <----
]

<it-dovere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+uto |
4 dev |
<it-dovere-tabulation>

<it-dovere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-dovere-present> |
a2+ <it-potere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-dovere-future> |
a6+ <it-dovere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-dovere-present> ::=
4+o | 4+i | 4+e | dobbiamo | 4+ete | 4+ono

<it-dovere-future> ::=
5+rò | 5+rai | 5+rà | 5+remo | 5+rete | 5+ranno

<it-dovere-past-historic> ::=
5+etti | 5+esti | 5+ette | 5+emmo | 5+este | 5+ettero

[
---> Italian : "POTERE" verb. <----
]

<it-potere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+uto |
<it-potere-tabulation>

<it-potere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-potere-present> |
a2+ <it-potere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-dovere-future> |
a6+ <it-potere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-potere-present> ::=
posso | puoi | può | possiamo | potete | possono

<it-potere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-potere-past-historic> ::=
5+ei | 5+esti | 5+ette | 5+emmo | 5+este | 5+ettero


[
---> Italian : "POSSEDERE" verb. <----
]

<it-possedere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+uto |
<it-possedere-tabulation>

<it-possedere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-possedere-present> |
a2+ <it-possedere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-possedere-future> |
a6+ <it-possedere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-possedere-present> ::=
possiedo | possiedi | possiede | 5+iamo | 5+ete | possiedono

<it-possedere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-possedere-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erete | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

<it-possedere-past-historic> ::=
5+ei | 5+esti | 5+ette | 5+emmo | 5+este | 5+ettero

[
---> Italian : "TENERE" verb. <----
]

<it-tenere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+uto |
<it-tenere-tabulation>

<it-tenere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-tenere-present> |
a2+ <it-tenere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-tenere-future> |
a6+ <it-tenere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-tenere-present> ::=
tengo | tieni | tiene | 5+iamo | 5+ete | tengono

<it-tenere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-tenere-future> ::=
terrò | terrai | terrà | terremo | terrete | terranno

<it-tenere-past-historic> ::=
tenni | 5+esti | 5+ette | 5+emmo | 5+este | tenerono

[
---> Italian : "SOSTENERE" verb. <----
]

<it-sostenere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+uto |
<it-sostenere-tabulation>

<it-sostenere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-sostenere-present> |
a2+ <it-sostenere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-sostenere-future> |
a6+ <it-sostenere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-sostenere-present> ::=
sostengo | sostieni | sostiene | 5+iamo | 5+ete | sostengono

<it-sostenere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-sostenere-future> ::=
sosterrò | sosterrai | sosterrà | sosterremo | sosterrete | sosterranno

<it-sostenere-past-historic> ::=
sostenni | 5+esti | 5+ette | 5+emmo | 5+este | sostenerono

[
---> Italian : "CONTENERE" verb. <----
]

<it-contenere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+uto |
<it-contenere-tabulation>

<it-contenere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-contenere-present> |
a2+ <it-contenere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-contenere-future> |
a6+ <it-contenere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-contenere-present> ::=
contengo | contieni | contiene | 5+iamo | 5+ete | contengono

<it-contenere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-contenere-future> ::=
conterrò | conterrai | conterrà | conterremo | conterrete | conterranno

<it-contenere-past-historic> ::=
contenni | 5+esti | 5+ette | 5+emmo | 5+este | contenerono

[
---> Italian : "TOGLIERE" verb. <----
]

<it-togliere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 tolto |
<it-togliere-tabulation>

<it-togliere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-togliere-present> |
a2+ <it-togliere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-togliere-future> |
a6+ <it-togliere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-togliere-present> ::=
tolgo | togli | toglie | 5+amo | 5+ete | tolgono

<it-togliere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-togliere-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erete | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

<it-togliere-past-historic> ::=
tolsi | 5+esti | tolse | 5+emmo | 5+este | tolsero

[
---> Italian : "LASCIARE" verb. <----
]

<it-lasciare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-lasciare-tabulation>

<it-lasciare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-lasciare-present> |
a2+ <it-lasciare-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-lasciare-future> |
a6+ <it-lasciare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-lasciare-present> ::=
lascio | lasci | lascia | 5+iamo | 5+ate | lasciano

<it-lasciare-past> ::=
5+avo | 5+avi | 5+ava | 5+avamo | 5+avate | 5+avano

<it-lasciare-future> ::=
lascerò | lascerai | lascerete | lasceremo | lascerete | lasceranno

<it-lasciare-past-historic> ::=
5+ai | 5+asti | 5+ò | 5+ammo | 5+aste | 5+arono

[
--------> Italian : "FARE" verb. <-------
]

<it-fare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+acendo |
3 5+atto |
<it-fare-tabulation>

<it-fare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-fare-present> |
a2+ <it-fare-past> |
a3+ <it-avere-perfect> |
a4+ <it-avere-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-fare-future> |
a6+ <it-fare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-fare-present> ::=
faccio | fai | fa | facciamo | fate | fanno

<it-fare-past> ::=
facevo | facevi | faceva | facevamo | facevate | facevano

<it-fare-past-historic> ::=
feci | facesti | fece | facemmo | faceste | fecero

<it-fare-future> ::=
5+arò | 5+arai | 5+arà | 5+aremo | 5+arete | 5+aranno

[
---> Italian : "SEDERE" verb. <----
]

<it-sedere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+uto |
4 5+uti |
<it-sedere-tabulation>

<it-sedere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-sedere-present> |
a2+ <it-sedere-past> |
a3+ <it-sedere-perfect> |
a4+ <it-sedere-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-sedere-future> |
a6+ <it-sedere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-essere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-sedere-present> ::=
seggo | siedi | siede | 5+iamo | 5+ete | seggono

<it-sedere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-sedere-perfect> ::=
sono 3 | sei 3 | è 3 | siamo 4 | siete 4 | sono 4

<it-sedere-pluperfect> ::=
ero 3 | eri 3 | era 3 | eravamo 4 | eravate 4 | erano 4

<it-sedere-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erete | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

<it-sedere-past-historic> ::=
sedetti | 5+esti | 5+ette | 5+emmo | 5+este | 5+ettero

[
---> Italian : "USCIRE" verb. <----
]

<it-uscire-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+ito |
3 5+iti |
<it-uscire-tabulation>

<it-uscire-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-uscire-present> |
a2+ <it-uscire-past> |
a3+ <it-uscire-perfect> |
a4+ <it-uscire-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-uscire-future> |
a6+ <it-uscire-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-essere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-uscire-present> ::=
esco | esci | esce | 5+iamo | 5+ite | escono

<it-uscire-past> ::=
5+ivo | 5+ivi | 5+iva | 5+ivamo | 5+ivate | 5+ivano

<it-uscire-perfect> ::=
sono 3 | sei 3 | è 3 | siamo 4 | siete 4 | sono 4

<it-uscire-pluperfect> ::=
ero 3 | eri 3 | era 3 | eravamo 4 | eravate 4 | erano 4

<it-uscire-future> ::=
5+irò | 5+irai | 5+irete | 5+iremo | 5+irete | 5+iranno

<it-uscire-past-historic> ::=
5+ii | 5+isti | 5+ì | 5+immo | 5+iste | 5+irono

[
---> Italian : "TOCCARE" verb. <----
]

<it-toccare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-toccare-tabulation>

<it-toccare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-toccare-present> |
a2+ <it-toccare-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-toccare-future> |
a6+ <it-toccare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-toccare-present> ::=
5+o | tocchi | 5+a | tocchiamo | 5+ate | 5+ano

<it-toccare-past> ::=
5+avo | 5+avi | 5+ava | 5+avamo | 5+avate | 5+avano

<it-toccare-future> ::=
toccherò | toccherai | toccherete | toccheremo | toccherete | toccheranno

<it-toccare-past-historic> ::=
5+ai | 5+asti | 5+ò | 5+ammo | 5+aste | 5+arono

[
---> Italian : "OTTENERE" verb. <----
]

<it-ottenere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+uto |
<it-ottenere-tabulation>

<it-ottenere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-ottenere-present> |
a2+ <it-ottenere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-ottenere-future> |
a6+ <it-ottenere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-essere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-ottenere-present> ::=
ottengo | ottieni | ottiene | 5+iamo | 5+ete | ottengono

<it-ottenere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-ottenere-future> ::=
otterrò | otterrai | otterrete | otterremo | otterrete | otterranno

<it-ottenere-past-historic> ::=
ottenni | 5+esti | ottenne | 5+emmo | 5+este | ottennero

[
---> Italian : "NASCONDERE" verb. <----
]

<it-nascondere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 nascosto |
<it-nascondere-tabulation>

<it-nascondere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-nascondere-present> |
a2+ <it-nascondere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-nascondere-future> |
a6+ <it-nascondere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-nascondere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-ottenere-present> ::=
5+o | 5+i | 5+e | 5+iamo | 5+ete | 5+ono

<it-ottenere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-ottenere-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erete | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

<it-ottenere-past-historic> ::=
nascosi | 5+esti | nascose | 5+emmo | 5+este | nascosero

[
---> Italian : "REGGERE" verb. <----
]

<it-reggere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 retto |
<it-reggere-tabulation>

<it-reggere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-reggere-present> |
a2+ <it-reggere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-reggere-future> |
a6+ <it-reggere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-essere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-reggere-present> ::=
5+o | 5+i | 5+e | 5+iamo | 5+ete | 5+ono

<it-reggere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-reggere-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erà | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

<it-reggere-past-historic> ::=
ressi | 5+esti | resse | 5+emmo | 5+este | ressero

[
---> Italian : "RACCHIUDERE" verb. <----
]

<it-racchiudere-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+endo |
3 racchiuso |
<it-ottenere-tabulation>

<it-racchiudere-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-racchiudere-present> |
a2+ <it-racchiudere-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-racchiudere-future> |
a6+ <it-racchiudere-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-essere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-racchiudere-present> ::=
5+o | 5+i | 5+e | 5+iamo | 5+ete | 5+ono

<it-racchiudere-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-racchiudere-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erete | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

<it-racchiudere-past-historic> ::=
racchiusi | 5+esti | racchiuse | 5+emmo | 5+este | racchiusero

[
---> Italian : "ASSAGGIARE" verb. <----
]

<it-assaggiare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-assaggiare-tabulation>

<it-assaggiare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-assaggiare-present> |
a2+ <it-assaggiare-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-assaggiare-future> |
a6+ <it-assaggiare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-assaggiare-present> ::=
5+o | assaggi | 5+a | assaggiamo | 5+ate | 5+ano

<it-assaggiare-past> ::=
5+avo | 5+avi | 5+ava | 5+avamo | 5+avate | 5+avano

<it-assaggiare-future> ::=
assaggerò | assaggerai | assaggerete | assaggeremo | assaggerete | assaggeranno

<it-assaggiare-past-historic> ::=
5+ai | 5+asti | 5+ò | 5+ammo | 5+aste | 5+arono

[
---> Italian : "DARE" verb. <----
]

<it-dare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-dare-tabulation>

<it-dare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-dare-present> |
a2+ <it-dare-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-dare-future> |
a6+ <it-dare-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-dare-present> ::=
5+o | dai | dà | 5+iamo | 5+ate | 5+anno

<it-dare-past> ::=
5+avo | 5+avi | 5+ava | 5+avamo | 5+avate | 5+avano

<it-dare-future> ::=
darò | darai | darà | daremo | darete | daranno

<it-dare-past-historic> ::=
diedi | desti | diede | demmo | deste | diedero

[
---> Italian : "DIRE" verb. <----
]

<it-dire-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 dicendo |
3 detto |
<it-dire-tabulation>

<it-dire-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-dire-present> |
a2+ <it-dire-past> |
a3+ ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4+ ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-dire-future> |
a6+ <it-dire-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-dire-present> ::=
dico | dici | dice | diciamo | dite | dicono

<it-dare-past> ::=
dicevo | dicevi | diceva | dicevamo | dicevate | dicevano

<it-dare-future> ::=
dirò | dirai | dirà | diremo | direte | diranno

<it-dare-past-historic> ::=
dissi | dicesti | disse | dicemmo | diceste | dissero

[
--------> Italian : "BLOCCARE e SBLOCCARE" verb. <-------
]

<it-bloccare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-bloccare-tabulation>

<it-sbloccare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-bloccare-tabulation>

<it-bloccare-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-bloccare-present> |
a2+ <it-prima-past> |
a3+ <it-avere-perfect> |
a4+ <it-avere-pluperfect> |
a5+ <it-bloccare-future> |
a6+ <it-prima-past-historic> |
a7+ <it-avere-future> 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-bloccare-present> ::=
5+o | 5+hi | 5+a | 5+hiamo | 5+ate | 5+ano

<it-bloccare-future> ::=
5+herò | 5+herai | 5+herà | 5+heremo | 5+herete | 5+heranno

<it-bloccare-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-bloccare-tabulation>

[
---> Italian "first conjugation": regular -ARE verbs. <----
]

<it-first-stem-general> ::=
* 3 [drop the last three letters: donare-> don]

<it-avere-prima-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-first-stem-general> |
2 5+ando |
3 5+ato |
<it-avere-prima-tabulation>

[Al momento non serve differenziare plurale e singolare nel gerundio]

<it-avere-prima-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-prima-present> |
a1- non <it-prima-present> |
a2+ <it-prima-past> |
a2- non <it-prima-past> |
a3 ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4 ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-prima-future> |
a5- non <it-prima-future> |
a6+ <it-prima-past-historic> |
a6- non <it-prima-past-historic> |
a7 ( t5 avere ) 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-prima-present> ::=
5+o | 5+i | 5+a | 5+iamo | 5+ate | 5+ano

<it-prima-past> ::=
5+avo | 5+avi | 5+ava | 5+avamo | 5+avate | 5+avano

<it-prima-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erà | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

<it-prima-past-historic> ::=
5+ai | 5+asti | 5+ò | 5+ammo | 5+aste | 5+arono

<it-prima-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+à | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

[
---> Italian "second conjugation": regular -ERE verbs. <----
]

<it-seconda-stem> ::= [this is not much of a trie:]
* 3 [in all cases drop the last two letters: finir -> fin]

<it-avere-seconda-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-seconda-stem> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+uto |
<it-avere-seconda-tabulation>

<it-avere-seconda-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-seconda-present> |
a1- non <it-seconda-present> |
a2+ <it-seconda-past> |
a2- non <it-seconda-past> |
a3 ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4 ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-seconda-future> |
a5- non <it-seconda-future> |
a6+ <it-seconda-past-historic> |
a6- non <it-seconda-past-historic> |
a7 ( t5 avere ) 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-seconda-present> ::=
5+o | 5+i | 5+e | 5+iamo | 5+ete | 5+ono

<it-seconda-past> ::=
5+evo | 5+evi | 5+eva | 5+evamo | 5+evate | 5+evano

<it-seconda-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erà | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

<it-seconda-past-historic> ::=
5+ei | 5+esti | 5+é | 5+emmo | 5+este | 5+erono

<it-seconda-future> ::=
5+erò | 5+erai | 5+erà | 5+eremo | 5+erete | 5+eranno

[
---> Italian "third conjugation": regular -IRE verbs. <----
]
<it-terza-stem> ::=
* 3 [in all cases drop the last three letters]

<it-avere-terza-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-terza-stem> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+ito |
<it-avere-terza-tabulation>

<it-avere-terza-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-terza-present> |
a1- non <it-terza-present> |
a2+ <it-terza-past> |
a2- non <it-terza-past> |
a3 ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4 ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-terza-future> |
a5- non <it-terza-future> |
a6+ <it-terza-past-historic> |
a6- non <it-terza-past-historic> |
a7 ( t5 avere ) 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-terza-present> ::=
5+o | 5+i | 5+e | 5+iamo | 5+ite | 5+ono

<it-terza-past> ::=
5+ivo | 5+ivi | 5+iva | 5+ivamo | 5+ivate | 5+ivano

<it-terza-past-historic> ::=
5+ii | 5+isti | 5+ì | 5+immo | 5+iste | 5+irono

<it-terza-future> ::=
5+irò | 5+irai | 5+irà | 5+iremo | 5+irete | 5+iranno

[
---> Italian "third conjugation": aprire. <----
]
<it-terza-stem> ::=
* 3 [in all cases drop the last three letters]

<it-aprire-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-terza-stem> |
2 5+endo |
3 aperto |
<it-avere-terza-tabulation>


[
---> Italian "third conjugation": incoativi. <----
]
<it-terza-stem-inc> ::=
* 3 [in all cases drop the last three letters]

<it-incoativi-terza-conjugation> ::=
5 <it-terza-stem-inc> |
2 5+endo |
3 5+ito |
<it-incoativi-terza-tabulation>

<it-incoativi-terza-tabulation> ::=
a1+ <it-terza-present-inc> |
a1- non <it-terza-present-inc> |
a2+ <it-terza-past-inc> |
a2- non <it-terza-past-inc> |
a3 ( t1 avere ) 3 |
a4 ( t2 avere ) 3 |
a5+ <it-terza-future-inc> |
a5- non <it-terza-future-inc> |
a6+ <it-terza-past-historic-inc> |
a6- non <it-terza-past-historic-inc> |
a7 ( t5 avere ) 3 |
p* 3+*

<it-terza-present-inc> ::=
5+isco | 5+isci | 5+isce | 5+iamo | 5+ite | 5+iscono

<it-terza-past-inc> ::=
5+ivo | 5+ivi | 5+iva | 5+ivamo | 5+ivate | 5+ivano

<it-terza-past-historic-inc> ::=
5+ii | 5+isti | 5+ì | 5+immo | 5+iste | 5+irono

<it-terza-future-inc> ::=
5+irò | 5+irai | 5+irà | 5+iremo | 5+irete | 5+iranno


[Just one more thing to do: reflexive verb...
Still to be implemented.]

-) in the Preform grammar.

Chapter 2.4.2 - Meaningful verbs

Section 2.4.2.1 - In the Standard Rules

[We declare Italian equivalents of all meaningful verbs built into the Standard Rules.]

In Italian essere is a verb meaning to be.
In Italian avere is a verb meaning to have.
In Italian relazionare is a verb meaning to relate.
In Italian fornire is a verb meaning to provide.
In Italian contenere is a verb meaning to contain.
In Italian supportare is a verb meaning to support.
In Italian sostenere is a verb meaning to support.
In Italian incorporare is a verb meaning to incorporate.
In Italian racchiudere is a verb meaning to enclose.
In Italian portare is a verb meaning to carry.
In Italian indossare is a verb meaning to wear.
In Italian tenere is a verb meaning to hold.
In Italian reggere is a verb meaning to hold.
In Italian nascondere is a verb meaning to conceal.
In Italian sbloccare is a verb meaning to unlock.

Section 2.4.2.2 - In Rideable Vehicles (for use with Rideable Vehicles by Graham Nelson)

[
In Italian montare su is a verb meaning to mount.
In Italian scendere is a verb meaning to dismount.
]

Section 2.4.2.3 - In Locksmith (for use with Locksmith by Emily Short)

In Italian sbloccare is a verb meaning to unbolt.

Chapter 2.4.3 - Prepositions

[We need the following in order to make definitions of "prepositions" work
properly.]

Include (-
language Italian

<infinitive-usage-exceptional> ::=
/c/ essere ...

-) in the Preform grammar.

In Italian essere dentro is a verb meaning to be in.

In Italian essere nel is a verb meaning to be in.
In Italian essere nello is a verb meaning to be in.
In Italian essere nella is a verb meaning to be in.
In Italian essere nei is a verb meaning to be in.
In Italian essere negli is a verb meaning to be in.
In Italian essere nelle is a verb meaning to be in.

In Italian essere sopra is a verb meaning to be on.

In Italian essere sul is a verb meaning to be on.
In Italian essere sullo is a verb meaning to be on.
In Italian essere sulla is a verb meaning to be on.
In Italian essere sui is a verb meaning to be on.
In Italian essere sugli is a verb meaning to be on.
In Italian essere sulle is a verb meaning to be on.

In Italian essere parte di is a verb meaning to be part of.

In Italian essere parte del is a verb meaning to be part of.
In Italian essere parte dello is a verb meaning to be part of.
In Italian essere parte dei is a verb meaning to be part of.
In Italian essere parte degli is a verb meaning to be part of.
In Italian essere parte delle is a verb meaning to be part of.

In Italian essere superiore a is a verb meaning to be greater than.
In Italian essere inferiore a is a verb meaning to be less than.
In Italian essere almeno is a verb meaning to be at least.
In Italian essere al più is a verb meaning to be at most.
In Italian essere accanto is a verb meaning to be adjacent to.
In Italian essere sopra a is a verb meaning to be above.
In Italian essere sotto a is a verb meaning to be below.
In Italian essere di traverso a is a verb meaning to be through.

In Italian essere a nord di is a verb meaning the mapping north relation.
In Italian essere a nord della is a verb meaning the mapping north relation.
In Italian essere a nord dello is a verb meaning the mapping north relation.
In Italian essere a nord del is a verb meaning the mapping north relation.
In Italian essere a sud di is a verb meaning the mapping south relation.
In Italian essere a sud della is a verb meaning the mapping south relation.
In Italian essere a sud dello is a verb meaning the mapping south relation.
In Italian essere a sud del is a verb meaning the mapping south relation.
In Italian essere a est di is a verb meaning the mapping east relation.
In Italian essere a est della is a verb meaning the mapping east relation.
In Italian essere a est dello is a verb meaning the mapping east relation.
In Italian essere a est del is a verb meaning the mapping east relation.
In Italian essere a ovest di is a verb meaning the mapping west relation.
In Italian essere a ovest della is a verb meaning the mapping west relation.
In Italian essere a ovest dello is a verb meaning the mapping west relation.
In Italian essere a ovest del is a verb meaning the mapping west relation.
In Italian essere a nordovest di is a verb meaning the mapping northwest relation.
In Italian essere a nordovest della is a verb meaning the mapping northwest relation.
In Italian essere a nordovest dello is a verb meaning the mapping northwest relation.
In Italian essere a nordovest del is a verb meaning the mapping northwest relation.
In Italian essere a nordest di is a verb meaning the mapping northeast relation.
In Italian essere a nordest della is a verb meaning the mapping northeast relation.
In Italian essere a nordest dello is a verb meaning the mapping northeast relation.
In Italian essere a nordest del is a verb meaning the mapping northeast relation.
In Italian essere a sudovest di is a verb meaning the mapping southwest relation.
In Italian essere a sudovest della is a verb meaning the mapping southwest relation.
In Italian essere a sudovest dello is a verb meaning the mapping southwest relation.
In Italian essere a sudovest del is a verb meaning the mapping southwest relation.
In Italian essere a sudest di is a verb meaning the mapping southeast relation.
In Italian essere a sudest della is a verb meaning the mapping southeast relation.
In Italian essere a sudest dello is a verb meaning the mapping southeast relation.
In Italian essere a sudest del is a verb meaning the mapping southeast relation.

&&&]

Volume 3 - Responses

When play begins:
   now the description of yourself is "[regarding the player][maiuscolo][Sei][maiuscolo] sempre [lo] [stesso]."

Part 3.1 - Responses

Chapter 3.1.0 - Articulated Prepositions

To decide which number is the artflag of (sostan - a thing):
   let c1 be character number 1 in the printed name of sostan;
   if c1 is "a" or c1 is "A" or c1 is "e" or c1 is "E" or c1 is "i" or c1 is "I" or c1 is "o" or c1 is "O" or c1 is "u" or c1 is "U", decide on 0;
   if c1 is "z" or c1 is "Z" or c1 is "x" or c1 is "X", decide on 1;
   let c2 be character number 2 in the printed name of sostan;
   if c1 is "s" or c1 is "S":
     if c2 is "a" or c2 is "A" or c2 is "e" or c2 is "E" or c2 is "i" or c2 is "I" or c2 is "o" or c2 is "O" or c2 is "u" or c2 is "U", decide on 2;
     decide on 1;
   if c1 is "p" or c1 is "P":
     if c2 is "s", decide on 1;
     decide on 2;
   if c1 is "g" or c1 is "G":
     if c2 is "n", decide on 1;
     decide on 2;
   decide on 2.

To decide which number is the artflag of (sostan - a room):
   let c1 be character number 1 in the printed name of sostan;
   if c1 is "a" or c1 is "A" or c1 is "e" or c1 is "E" or c1 is "i" or c1 is "I" or c1 is "o" or c1 is "O" or c1 is "u" or c1 is "U", decide on 0;
   if c1 is "z" or c1 is "Z" or c1 is "x" or c1 is "X", decide on 1;
   let c2 be character number 2 in the printed name of sostan;
   if c1 is "s" or c1 is "S":
     if c2 is "a" or c2 is "A" or c2 is "e" or c2 is "E" or c2 is "i" or c2 is "I" or c2 is "o" or c2 is "O" or c2 is "u" or c2 is "U", decide on 2;
     decide on 1;
   if c1 is "p" or c1 is "P":
     if c2 is "s", decide on 1;
   if c1 is "g" or c1 is "G":
     if c2 is "n", decide on 1;
   decide on 2.

Articulated preposition is a kind of value. Some articulated prepositions are defined by the Table of Prepositions.

Table of Prepositions